The first operators in the energy sector and defense-industrial complex have started independently purchasing and installing electronic warfare (EW) systems to protect their facilities from aerial attacks. Ukraine’s Minister of Defense, Denys Shmyhal, announced the launch of this experimental project on December 29.
How the Experimental Project Works
According to the Ministry of Defense, a critical infrastructure enterprise submits a request to the Main Directorate of Electronic and Cyber Defense of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to enhance protection. The military analyzes potential threats and suggests several equipment options best suited for the specific facility.
The company then purchases or imports the equipment. Since high-power electronic warfare systems are considered weapons, independent use is prohibited. Therefore, the Main Directorate of Intelligence and Cybersecurity assigns a military unit authorized to operate the systems in a specific area. The enterprise signs a contract for gratuitous operation with this unit, after which the equipment is connected to the nationwide air defense system. It begins protecting the facility, while the military remain responsible for its use.
Ownership and Restrictions
The Ministry notes that the enterprise remains the owner of the electronic warfare systems. However, the equipment is tied to a specific location. It cannot be moved to another region or used to protect other facilities. This ensures control and compatibility with other defense elements.
Conclusions
According to Shmyhal, companies gain additional protection against aerial threats, while the military retains control over the use of high-power electronic warfare systems to prevent disruptions to other equipment.
At the same time, the launch of this mechanism may indicate a shift toward a model of distributed responsibility, where businesses partially bear the financial burden. This approach also exposes vulnerabilities. Against the backdrop of ongoing Russian attacks, especially on critical infrastructure, strengthening protection is clearly necessary. However, its effectiveness likely depends not only on the state’s capabilities, but also on the resources of the enterprises themselves. So how successful this model will prove to be remains to be seen.
